Study: Health Care Costs Grow With Body Mass

Researchers at Duke Medicine reported that health care costs increase in parallel with body mass measurements. Pharmacy and medical costs could double for obese people compared with those at a healthy weight, according to the recent study published in the journal Obesity.

The researchers found that costs associated with medical and drug claims rose gradually with each unit increase in body mass index (BMI). Notably, these increases began above a BMI of 19, which falls in the lower range of the healthy weight category.

Using health insurance claims data for 17,703 Duke employees participating in annual health appraisals from 2001 to 2011, the researchers related costs of doctors’ visits and use of prescription drugs to employees’ BMIs.

BMI is a measurement of a person’s weight adjusted for his or her height, and can be used to screen for possible weight-related health problems. A normal BMI, which suggests a healthy weight, is 19-24, while overweight is 25-29 and obese is 30 and above. For example, a 5-foot-6-inch person who weighs 117.5 pounds has a BMI of 19, while a person of the same height weighing 279 pounds has a BMI of 45.

Measuring costs related to doctors’ visits and prescriptions, the researchers observed that the prevalence of obesity-related diseases increased gradually across all body mass levels. In addition to diabetes and hypertension – the two diseases most commonly associated with being overweight or obese – the rates of nearly a dozen other disease categories also grew with increases in BMI. Cardiovascular disease was associated with the largest dollar increase per unit increase in BMI.

The average annual health care costs for a person with a BMI of 19 was found to be $2,368; this grew to $4,880 for a person with a BMI of 45 or greater. Women in the study had higher overall medical costs across all BMI categories, but men saw a sharper increase in medical costs the higher their BMIs rose.