Allianz: Commercial Drone Growth Brings Benefits, Risk
More drones in the skies raise a number of new safety concerns, ranging from collisions and crashes to cyberattacks and terrorism, according to the latest risk report from Allianz Global Corporate & Specialty (AGCS): Rise of the Drones: Managing the Unique Risks Associated with Unmanned Aircraft Systems.
“There have already been enough incidents and near-misses to date involving UAS to generate concern that the likelihood of collisions and other loss events will grow as numbers multiply,” says James Van Meter, an aviation practice leader at AGCS.
As drones become smaller, cheaper and easier to use – and regulatory change, particularly in the U.S., lowers barriers to entry – growth prospects are surging: The U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) forecasts that by the end of 2016 over 600,000 UAS will be deployed for commercial use alone in the U.S. – three times the number of registered manned aircraft.
In addition, 1.9 million UAS are expected to be in recreational use. Globally, the UAS market is forecast to reach 4.7 million units, or higher, by 2020 with the market for commercial application of UAS technology estimated to soar from $2 billion to $127 billion.
“UAS in commercial use will increase greatly in the next decade because they are effective at carrying out menial or dangerous tasks,” explains Thomas Kriesmann, senior underwriter General Aviation, AGCS.
Work accidents such as employees falling off the roof during building inspections and workers compensation losses are expected to decrease, as a result. UAS also have the potential to both solve problems and save costs across a number of other industries throughout the developing world and in disaster relief situations. Emerging uses include delivering blood and vaccines to remote locations in Africa, fighting grass fires, pest control and even delivering pizza and coffee.
Insurers are also increasingly utilizing UAS to make risk assessment of construction or infrastructure projects easier and safer. Claims handling can be made quicker and more effective by using drones to survey loss damage after major catastrophes. Allianz supports a pilot-to-business marketplace, FairFleet, which links pilots with businesses in need of UAS, offering insurance coverage and claims settlement services.
However, new risks and the potential for misuse of UAS technology need to be considered. UAS raise two priority safety concerns: mid-air collisions and the loss of control. A mid-air collision could happen if the pilot cannot see and thus cannot avoid manned aircraft in time, especially those that normally fly below 500 feet, such as helicopters, agricultural aircraft and aircraft landing or taking-off. Reports of UAS sightings from pilots, citizens and law enforcement have increased five-fold over the past year in the U.S.; there have been a number of near-miss incidents around the world as well, including in China, Dubai, and the UK.
Loss of control can result from a system failure or if the UAS flies beyond signal range. AGCS sees a major risk in loss of control from frequency interferences and other factors. For example, a pilot losing control of a UAS during a building inspection could result in a total liability easily in excess of $5 million. Even a small UAS could cause as much as $10 million in damage alone when hitting an engine of an airplane.
An emerging peril is the potential terrorist threat from UAS targeting critical infrastructure such as (nuclear) power stations or live events. Other scenarios include hackers taking control during a flight, causing a crash, or hacking the radio signal and transmitting valuable recorded data from the aircraft from another control station (“spoofing”). There are also many public concerns over UAS involving privacy issues.
A primary concern is the lack of consistent standards or regulations for the safe operation of UAS around the globe. “In many locations, there are few or no pilot training and maintenance standards,” explains Van Meter. “In addition to regulation, education will continue to be key to ensuring safe UAS operations.”
Training has a crucial role to play in reducing the risk of an incident occurring as novice control is a major cause of loss activity. Training should include meteorology, emergency instructions, air traffic law, including flight rules over buildings, system maintenance, flight time calculation and on-board camera image use.
In many locations, no registration of UAS is mandatory, effectively affording the user anonymity in the event of a loss incident. “However, in the future, identification of both UAS and operator will be essential to maintain proper liability, in general,” says Kriesmann. “Introduction of car registration-style schemes will be needed sooner or later.”
Insurance can protect both operators and the public from risk of mid-air collision, as well as physical or property damage or injury to others. Manufacturers, owners and operators of UAS, including businesses that sell and service UAS, are exposed. Drone insurance is a fast-growing area of the insurance industry and different coverages are available, depending on the type of use.
“Whether you run a coffee shop or a truck delivery business you need insurance to run your business. Drones are no different,” Van Meter explains. “Most commercial operators of UAS will require at least $1 million of insurance coverage to protect against risk exposures.”
Assuming growth projections for the commercial industry materialize, there is potential for the drone insurance market to be worth $500 million+ by the end of 2020 in the U.S. Globally, its value could approach $1 billion.
Source: Allianz Global Corporate & Speciality